Bismut
83
Bi
Grupă
15
Perioadă
6
Bloc
p
Protoni
Electroni
Neutroni
83
83
126
Proprietăți Generale
Număr atomic
83
Masă atomică
208,9804
Numar de masa
209
Categorie
Metale post-tranziţionale
Culoare
Gri
Radioactive
Nu
Din cuvântul german Weisse Masse, însemnând masă albă
Structură cristalină
Bază Centrată Monoclinic
Istoric
Bismuth has been known since ancient times, so no one person is credited with its discovery.
The element was confused in early times with tin and lead because of its resemblance to those elements.
In 1753, French chemist Claude François Geoffroy demonstrated that this metal is distinct from lead and tin.
The element was confused in early times with tin and lead because of its resemblance to those elements.
In 1753, French chemist Claude François Geoffroy demonstrated that this metal is distinct from lead and tin.
Electroni pe nivelul de energie
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5
Configurație electronică
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
Bismuth has unusually high electrical resistance for a metal
Proprietăți Fizice
Fază
Solid
Densitate
9,78 g/cm3
Punct de topire
544,65 K | 271,5 °C | 520,7 °F
Punct de fierbere
1837,15 K | 1564 °C | 2847,2 °F
Energie de fuziune
10,9 kJ/mol
Energie de evaporare
160 kJ/mol
Căldură specifică
0,122 J/g·K
Abundența în scoarța Pământului
2,5×10-6%
Abundența în Univers
7×10-8%
Numarul CAS
7440-69-9
Număr CID PubChem
5359367
Proprietăți Atomice
Rază atomică
156 pm
Rază de covalență
148 pm
Electronegativitate
2,02 (Scara lui Pauling)
Potențial de ionizare
7,2856 eV
Volum molar
21,3 cm3/mol
Conductivitate termică
0,0797 W/cm·K
Număr de oxidare
-3, 3, 5
Aplicații
Bismuth is used in producing malleable irons and is used as a catalyst for making acrylic fibers.
Bismuth oxychloride is used in cosmetics, as a pigment in paint for eye shadows, hair sprays and nail polishes.
It has also been used as a replacement for lead in shot, bullets and less-lethal riot gun ammunition.
Bismuth oxychloride is used in cosmetics, as a pigment in paint for eye shadows, hair sprays and nail polishes.
It has also been used as a replacement for lead in shot, bullets and less-lethal riot gun ammunition.
Bismuth is considered to be non-toxic
Izotopi
Izotopi stabili
-Izotopi instabili
184Bi, 185Bi, 186Bi, 187Bi, 188Bi, 189Bi, 190Bi, 191Bi, 192Bi, 193Bi, 194Bi, 195Bi, 196Bi, 197Bi, 198Bi, 199Bi, 200Bi, 201Bi, 202Bi, 203Bi, 204Bi, 205Bi, 206Bi, 207Bi, 208Bi, 209Bi, 210Bi, 211Bi, 212Bi, 213Bi, 214Bi, 215Bi, 216Bi, 217Bi, 218Bi