Plumb

82
Pb
Grupă
14
Perioadă
6
Bloc
p
Protoni
Electroni
Neutroni
82
82
125
Proprietăți Generale
Număr atomic
82
Masă atomică
207,2
Numar de masa
207
Categorie
Metale post-tranziţionale
Culoare
Gri Ardezie
Radioactive
Nu
Din cuvântul latin plumbum
Structură cristalină
Față Centrată Cubic
Istoric
Metallic lead beads dating back to 6400 BC have been found in Çatalhöyük in modern-day Turkey.

The Romans also used lead in molten form to secure iron pins that held together large limestone blocks in certain monumental buildings.

In alchemy, lead was thought to be the oldest metal and was associated with the planet Saturn.
Electroni pe nivelul de energie
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4
Configurație electronică
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
Pb
Pencil leads in wooden pencils have never been made from lead
Proprietăți Fizice
Fază
Solid
Densitate
11,342 g/cm3
Punct de topire
600,61 K | 327,46 °C | 621,43 °F
Punct de fierbere
2022,15 K | 1749 °C | 3180,2 °F
Energie de fuziune
4,77 kJ/mol
Energie de evaporare
178 kJ/mol
Căldură specifică
0,129 J/g·K
Abundența în scoarța Pământului
0,00099%
Abundența în Univers
1×10-6%
Ultrapure
Credite imagine: Images-of-elements
Ultrapure lead bead
Numarul CAS
7439-92-1
Număr CID PubChem
5352425
Proprietăți Atomice
Rază atomică
175 pm
Rază de covalență
146 pm
Electronegativitate
2,33 (Scara lui Pauling)
Potențial de ionizare
7,4167 eV
Volum molar
18,17 cm3/mol
Conductivitate termică
0,353 W/cm·K
Număr de oxidare
-4, 2, 4
Aplicații
Large quantities of lead, both as the metal and as the dioxide, are used in storage batteries.

Lead is used as electrodes in the process of electrolysis.

It is added to brass to reduce machine tool wear.

Lead, in either pure form or alloyed with tin, or antimony is the traditional material for bullets and shot in firearms use.
Lead and its compounds are poisonous
Izotopi
Izotopi stabili
204Pb, 206Pb, 207Pb, 208Pb
Izotopi instabili
178Pb, 179Pb, 180Pb, 181Pb, 182Pb, 183Pb, 184Pb, 185Pb, 186Pb, 187Pb, 188Pb, 189Pb, 190Pb, 191Pb, 192Pb, 193Pb, 194Pb, 195Pb, 196Pb, 197Pb, 198Pb, 199Pb, 200Pb, 201Pb, 202Pb, 203Pb, 205Pb, 209Pb, 210Pb, 211Pb, 212Pb, 213Pb, 214Pb, 215Pb