Gadoliniu
64
Gd
Grupă
n/a
Perioadă
6
Bloc
f
Protoni
Electroni
Neutroni
64
64
93
Proprietăți Generale
Număr atomic
64
Masă atomică
157,25
Numar de masa
157
Categorie
Lantanide
Culoare
Argint
Radioactive
Nu
De la gadolinite, un mineral numit pentru Gadolin, un chimist finlandez
Structură cristalină
Sistemul Hexagonal
Istoric
Gadolinium was first detected spectroscopically in 1880 by the Swiss chemist Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac who separated its oxide.
He observed spectroscopic lines due to gadolinium in samples of gadolinite and in the separate mineral cerite.
The metal was isolated by Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1886.
He observed spectroscopic lines due to gadolinium in samples of gadolinite and in the separate mineral cerite.
The metal was isolated by Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1886.
Electroni pe nivelul de energie
2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2
Configurație electronică
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
Gadolinium has the highest neutron cross-section among any stable nuclides
Proprietăți Fizice
Fază
Solid
Densitate
7,895 g/cm3
Punct de topire
1585,15 K | 1312 °C | 2393,6 °F
Punct de fierbere
3546,15 K | 3273 °C | 5923,4 °F
Energie de fuziune
10 kJ/mol
Energie de evaporare
305 kJ/mol
Căldură specifică
0,236 J/g·K
Abundența în scoarța Pământului
0,00052%
Abundența în Univers
2×10-7%
Numarul CAS
7440-54-2
Număr CID PubChem
23982
Proprietăți Atomice
Rază atomică
180 pm
Rază de covalență
196 pm
Electronegativitate
1,2 (Scara lui Pauling)
Potențial de ionizare
6,1501 eV
Volum molar
19,9 cm3/mol
Conductivitate termică
0,106 W/cm·K
Număr de oxidare
1, 2, 3
Aplicații
Gadolinium is used to make gadolinium yttrium garnets which have microwave applications.
It is also used in intravenous radiocontrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Gadolinium compounds are used for making green phosphors for color TV tubes, and in manufacturing compact discs.
It is also used in intravenous radiocontrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Gadolinium compounds are used for making green phosphors for color TV tubes, and in manufacturing compact discs.
Gadolinium is considered to be moderately toxic
Izotopi
Izotopi stabili
154Gd, 155Gd, 156Gd, 157Gd, 158Gd, 160GdIzotopi instabili
134Gd, 135Gd, 136Gd, 137Gd, 138Gd, 139Gd, 140Gd, 141Gd, 142Gd, 143Gd, 144Gd, 145Gd, 146Gd, 147Gd, 148Gd, 149Gd, 150Gd, 151Gd, 152Gd, 153Gd, 159Gd, 161Gd, 162Gd, 163Gd, 164Gd, 165Gd, 166Gd, 167Gd, 168Gd, 169Gd