Galiu
31
Ga
Grupă
13
Perioadă
4
Bloc
p
Protoni
Electroni
Neutroni
31
31
39
Proprietăți Generale
Număr atomic
31
Masă atomică
69,723
Numar de masa
70
Categorie
Metale post-tranziţionale
Culoare
Argint
Radioactive
Nu
Din cuvântul latin Gallia ce înseamnă Franța
Structură cristalină
Bază Centrată Ortorombic
Istoric
In 1871, existence of gallium was first predicted by Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev and called the element eka-aluminum.
Gallium was discovered spectroscopically by French chemist Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875 by its characteristic spectrum in an examination of a sphalerite sample.
Later that year, Lecoq obtained the free metal by electrolysis of its hydroxide in potassium hydroxide solution.
Gallium was discovered spectroscopically by French chemist Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875 by its characteristic spectrum in an examination of a sphalerite sample.
Later that year, Lecoq obtained the free metal by electrolysis of its hydroxide in potassium hydroxide solution.
Electroni pe nivelul de energie
2, 8, 18, 3
Configurație electronică
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
Gallium has a strong tendency to supercool below its melting point / freezing point
Proprietăți Fizice
Fază
Solid
Densitate
5,907 g/cm3
Punct de topire
302,91 K | 29,76 °C | 85,57 °F
Punct de fierbere
2477,15 K | 2204 °C | 3999,2 °F
Energie de fuziune
5,59 kJ/mol
Energie de evaporare
256 kJ/mol
Căldură specifică
0,371 J/g·K
Abundența în scoarța Pământului
0,0019%
Abundența în Univers
1×10-6%
Numarul CAS
7440-55-3
Număr CID PubChem
5360835
Proprietăți Atomice
Rază atomică
135 pm
Rază de covalență
122 pm
Electronegativitate
1,81 (Scara lui Pauling)
Potențial de ionizare
5,9993 eV
Volum molar
11,8 cm3/mol
Conductivitate termică
0,406 W/cm·K
Număr de oxidare
1, 2, 3
Aplicații
Gallium wets glass or porcelain and forms a brilliant mirror when it is painted on glass.
It is widely used in doping semiconductors and producing solid-state devices such as transistors.
Low melting gallium alloys are used in some medical thermometers as non-toxic substitutes for mercury.
Gallium arsenide is capable of converting electricity directly into coherent light.
It is widely used in doping semiconductors and producing solid-state devices such as transistors.
Low melting gallium alloys are used in some medical thermometers as non-toxic substitutes for mercury.
Gallium arsenide is capable of converting electricity directly into coherent light.
Gallium is considered to be non-toxic
Izotopi
Izotopi stabili
69Ga, 71GaIzotopi instabili
56Ga, 57Ga, 58Ga, 59Ga, 60Ga, 61Ga, 62Ga, 63Ga, 64Ga, 65Ga, 66Ga, 67Ga, 68Ga, 70Ga, 72Ga, 73Ga, 74Ga, 75Ga, 76Ga, 77Ga, 78Ga, 79Ga, 80Ga, 81Ga, 82Ga, 83Ga, 84Ga, 85Ga, 86Ga