Plutoniu
94
Pu
Grupă
n/a
Perioadă
7
Bloc
f
Protoni
Electroni
Neutroni
94
94
150
Proprietăți Generale
Număr atomic
94
Masă atomică
[244]
Numar de masa
244
Categorie
Actinide
Culoare
Argint
Radioactive
Da
Numit după planeta Pluto
Structură cristalină
Simplu Monoclinic
Istoric
Plutonium was first produced in 1940 by Glenn T. Seaborg, Edwin M. McMillan, Joseph W. Kennedy and Arthur Wahl.
Plutonium-238 was produced by deuteron bombardment of uranium-238 in the 60-inch cyclotron at the University of California, Berkeley.
The Berkeley team made neptunium-238 which decayed to plutonium-238.
Plutonium-238 was produced by deuteron bombardment of uranium-238 in the 60-inch cyclotron at the University of California, Berkeley.
The Berkeley team made neptunium-238 which decayed to plutonium-238.
Electroni pe nivelul de energie
2, 8, 18, 32, 24, 8, 2
Configurație electronică
[Rn] 5f6 7s2
The atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki, Japan in 1945 had a plutonium core
Proprietăți Fizice
Fază
Solid
Densitate
19,816 g/cm3
Punct de topire
912,55 K | 639,4 °C | 1182,92 °F
Punct de fierbere
3501,15 K | 3228 °C | 5842,4 °F
Energie de fuziune
n/a
Energie de evaporare
325 kJ/mol
Căldură specifică
-
Abundența în scoarța Pământului
n/a
Abundența în Univers
n/a
Credite imagine: Wikimedia Commons (Los Alamos National Laboratory)
A ring of weapons-grade 99.96% pure electrorefined plutonium, enough for one bomb core
Numarul CAS
7440-07-5
Număr CID PubChem
23940
Proprietăți Atomice
Rază atomică
159 pm
Rază de covalență
187 pm
Electronegativitate
1,28 (Scara lui Pauling)
Potențial de ionizare
6,0262 eV
Volum molar
12,32 cm3/mol
Conductivitate termică
0,0674 W/cm·K
Număr de oxidare
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Aplicații
The isotope plutonium-239 is a key fissile component in nuclear weapons, due to its ease of fission and availability.
Plutonium-238 has also been used successfully to power artificial heart pacemakers, to reduce the risk of repeated surgery.
Plutonium-238 mixed with beryllium is used to generate neutrons for research purposes.
Plutonium-238 has also been used successfully to power artificial heart pacemakers, to reduce the risk of repeated surgery.
Plutonium-238 mixed with beryllium is used to generate neutrons for research purposes.
Plutonium is harmful due to its radioactivity
Izotopi
Izotopi stabili
-Izotopi instabili
228Pu, 229Pu, 230Pu, 231Pu, 232Pu, 233Pu, 234Pu, 235Pu, 236Pu, 237Pu, 238Pu, 239Pu, 240Pu, 241Pu, 242Pu, 243Pu, 244Pu, 245Pu, 246Pu, 247Pu