Iod
53
I
Grupă
17
Perioadă
5
Bloc
p
Protoni
Electroni
Neutroni
53
53
74
Proprietăți Generale
Număr atomic
53
Masă atomică
126,90447
Numar de masa
127
Categorie
Halogeni
Culoare
Gri Ardezie
Radioactive
Nu
Din cuvântul grecesc iodes, violet
Structură cristalină
Bază Centrată Ortorombic
Istoric
Iodine was discovered by French chemist Bernard Courtois in 1811.
He treated the liquor obtained from the extraction of kelp, with sulfuric acid to produce a vapour with a violet color.
In 1812, Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac demonstrated that iodine was an element and its chemical relationship to chlorine.
He treated the liquor obtained from the extraction of kelp, with sulfuric acid to produce a vapour with a violet color.
In 1812, Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac demonstrated that iodine was an element and its chemical relationship to chlorine.
Electroni pe nivelul de energie
2, 8, 18, 18, 7
Configurație electronică
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5
Kelp was the main source of natural iodine in the 18th and 19th centuries
Proprietăți Fizice
Fază
Solid
Densitate
4,93 g/cm3
Punct de topire
386,85 K | 113,7 °C | 236,66 °F
Punct de fierbere
457,4 K | 184,25 °C | 363,65 °F
Energie de fuziune
7,76 kJ/mol
Energie de evaporare
20,9 kJ/mol
Căldură specifică
0,214 J/g·K
Abundența în scoarța Pământului
0,000049%
Abundența în Univers
1×10-7%
Numarul CAS
7553-56-2
Număr CID PubChem
807
Proprietăți Atomice
Rază atomică
140 pm
Rază de covalență
139 pm
Electronegativitate
2,66 (Scara lui Pauling)
Potențial de ionizare
10,4513 eV
Volum molar
25,74 cm3/mol
Conductivitate termică
0,00449 W/cm·K
Număr de oxidare
-1, 1, 3, 5, 7
Aplicații
Iodine compounds are important in organic chemistry and very useful in medicine.
A solution containing potassium iodide and iodine in alcohol is used to disinfect external wounds.
Silver iodide is a major ingredient to traditional photographic film.
Iodine is added to table salt to prevent thyroid disease.
A solution containing potassium iodide and iodine in alcohol is used to disinfect external wounds.
Silver iodide is a major ingredient to traditional photographic film.
Iodine is added to table salt to prevent thyroid disease.
Elemental iodine is toxic if taken orally
Izotopi
Izotopi stabili
127IIzotopi instabili
108I, 109I, 110I, 111I, 112I, 113I, 114I, 115I, 116I, 117I, 118I, 119I, 120I, 121I, 122I, 123I, 124I, 125I, 126I, 128I, 129I, 130I, 131I, 132I, 133I, 134I, 135I, 136I, 137I, 138I, 139I, 140I, 141I, 142I, 143I, 144I