Paladiu
46
Pd
Grupă
10
Perioadă
5
Bloc
d
Protoni
Electroni
Neutroni
46
46
60
Proprietăți Generale
Număr atomic
46
Masă atomică
106,42
Numar de masa
106
Categorie
Metale de tranziție
Culoare
Argint
Radioactive
Nu
Paladiul a fost numit după asteroidul Pallas; Pallas a fost zeița greacă a înțelepciunii
Structură cristalină
Față Centrată Cubic
Istoric
Palladium was discovered in 1803, in London, by English chemist William Hyde Wollaston.
He examined the residues left from platinum after dissolving it in aqua regia, a concentrated solution of hydrochloric and nitric acids.
He then isolated palladium in a series of chemical reactions.
He examined the residues left from platinum after dissolving it in aqua regia, a concentrated solution of hydrochloric and nitric acids.
He then isolated palladium in a series of chemical reactions.
Electroni pe nivelul de energie
2, 8, 18, 18
Configurație electronică
[Kr] 4d10
In the late 1800s, palladium was more expensive than platinum
Proprietăți Fizice
Fază
Solid
Densitate
12,02 g/cm3
Punct de topire
1828,05 K | 1554,9 °C | 2830,82 °F
Punct de fierbere
3236,15 K | 2963 °C | 5365,4 °F
Energie de fuziune
16,7 kJ/mol
Energie de evaporare
380 kJ/mol
Căldură specifică
0,244 J/g·K
Abundența în scoarța Pământului
6,3×10-7%
Abundența în Univers
2×10-7%
Numarul CAS
7440-05-3
Număr CID PubChem
23938
Proprietăți Atomice
Rază atomică
137 pm
Rază de covalență
139 pm
Electronegativitate
2,2 (Scara lui Pauling)
Potențial de ionizare
8,3369 eV
Volum molar
8,9 cm3/mol
Conductivitate termică
0,718 W/cm·K
Număr de oxidare
2, 4
Aplicații
The largest use of palladium is in catalytic converters in the automobile industry.
Finely divided palladium is a good catalyst and is used for hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions.
The metal is used in dentistry, watch making, and in making surgical instruments and electrical contacts.
Finely divided palladium is a good catalyst and is used for hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions.
The metal is used in dentistry, watch making, and in making surgical instruments and electrical contacts.
Palladium is considered to be of low toxicity
Izotopi
Izotopi stabili
102Pd, 104Pd, 105Pd, 106Pd, 108Pd, 110PdIzotopi instabili
91Pd, 92Pd, 93Pd, 94Pd, 95Pd, 96Pd, 97Pd, 98Pd, 99Pd, 100Pd, 101Pd, 103Pd, 107Pd, 109Pd, 111Pd, 112Pd, 113Pd, 114Pd, 115Pd, 116Pd, 117Pd, 118Pd, 119Pd, 120Pd, 121Pd, 122Pd, 123Pd, 124Pd