Ruteniu
44
Ru
Grupă
8
Perioadă
5
Bloc
d
Protoni
Electroni
Neutroni
44
44
57
Proprietăți Generale
Număr atomic
44
Masă atomică
101,07
Numar de masa
101
Categorie
Metale de tranziție
Culoare
Argint
Radioactive
Nu
Din cuvântul latin Ruthenia, Rusia
Structură cristalină
Sistemul Hexagonal
Istoric
Jędrzej Śniadecki isolated the element in 1807, but his work was not ratified.
Jöns Berzelius and Gottfried Osann nearly discovered ruthenium in 1827.
In 1844, Karl Ernst Claus confirmed that there was a new element and isolated ruthenium from the platinum residues of the rouble production while he was working in Kazan University, Kazan.
Jöns Berzelius and Gottfried Osann nearly discovered ruthenium in 1827.
In 1844, Karl Ernst Claus confirmed that there was a new element and isolated ruthenium from the platinum residues of the rouble production while he was working in Kazan University, Kazan.
Electroni pe nivelul de energie
2, 8, 18, 15, 1
Configurație electronică
[Kr] 4d7 5s1
Ruthenium is unaffected by air, water and acids
Proprietăți Fizice
Fază
Solid
Densitate
12,37 g/cm3
Punct de topire
2607,15 K | 2334 °C | 4233,2 °F
Punct de fierbere
4423,15 K | 4150 °C | 7502 °F
Energie de fuziune
25,7 kJ/mol
Energie de evaporare
580 kJ/mol
Căldură specifică
0,238 J/g·K
Abundența în scoarța Pământului
9,9×10-8%
Abundența în Univers
4×10-7%
Numarul CAS
7440-18-8
Număr CID PubChem
23950
Proprietăți Atomice
Rază atomică
134 pm
Rază de covalență
146 pm
Electronegativitate
2,2 (Scara lui Pauling)
Potențial de ionizare
7,3605 eV
Volum molar
8,3 cm3/mol
Conductivitate termică
1,17 W/cm·K
Număr de oxidare
-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Aplicații
Ruthenium is used in platinum and palladium alloys to make wear-resistant electrical contacts.
Ruthenium dioxide and lead and bismuth ruthenates are used in thick-film chip resistors.
Fountain pen nibs are frequently tipped with alloys containing ruthenium.
Ruthenium is a versatile catalyst.
Ruthenium dioxide and lead and bismuth ruthenates are used in thick-film chip resistors.
Fountain pen nibs are frequently tipped with alloys containing ruthenium.
Ruthenium is a versatile catalyst.
Ruthenium is a suspected carcinogen and its compounds strongly stain the skin
Izotopi
Izotopi stabili
96Ru, 98Ru, 99Ru, 100Ru, 101Ru, 102Ru, 104RuIzotopi instabili
87Ru, 88Ru, 89Ru, 90Ru, 91Ru, 92Ru, 93Ru, 94Ru, 95Ru, 97Ru, 103Ru, 105Ru, 106Ru, 107Ru, 108Ru, 109Ru, 110Ru, 111Ru, 112Ru, 113Ru, 114Ru, 115Ru, 116Ru, 117Ru, 118Ru, 119Ru, 120Ru